itpbooks

James Lewis

This book addresses the long-overdue imbalance in disaster management: an over-emphasis on post-disaster assistance and a lack of attention to vulnerability reduction. It answers the fundamental question in this debate: how can we mould pre-disaster development initiatives to become the most appropriate means for vulnerability reduction?

The book reasserts and reapplies some of the basic concepts and issues that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, with the message that development is a prime medium both of vulnerability and its reduction.

The author examines requirements for long-term change so that conditions which have become the context for catastrophe can be modified. By focusing on longer-term policies and activities now, emergency relief efforts will have a positive context within which to contribute to development and the likelihood of recurrence will be reduced.

The book contains case-studies from Sri Lanka, the Caribbean and the South Pacific and focuses on hazards of all kinds, setting out to redress the balance between large-scale disasters of global significance and small-scale disasters that are a matter of everyday existence.

James Lewis is a visiting fellow in Development Studies at the University of Bath and a consultant in environmental hazards and human settlements.

Contents

Foreword

Preface
Introduction

Part One: Vulnerability

The meaning of vulnerability
The observation, perception and identification of vulnerability
The experience of vulnerability
The making of vulnerability
Survival, vulnerability and development

Part Two: Studies of Vulnerability

Vulnerability and the analysis of context
Five studies: Volcano in Tonga: Some perspectives on natural disaster vulnerability in Tonga; A multi-hazard history of Antigua, Vulnerability to a cyclone: Damage distribution in Sri Lanka; Change and vulnerability to a natural hazard: Chiswell, Dorset, UK

Part Three: A Pattern for Development

Development and disasters
Equitable preventive development
Vulnerability reduction in development
Strategic development for vulnerability reduction
The next ten years and more

References

ISBN 1 85339 472 6. 224pp. Paperback. 234 x 156 mm. September 1999. (ITP)£15.95. $29.95.

itpbooks

Edited by Deborah Bryceson, Cristóbal Kay and Jos Mooij

This book comes at a time when the peasant transition process has reached a critical juncture. It points out how peasant labour redundancy can undermine rural welfare and political stability, and why academics and policy-makers of the twenty-first century cannot ignore the world's disappearing peasantries without endangering sustainable development and international security. The editors combine the most recent rural research with a new analytical perspective on the major peasant and agrarian development debates, and provide a new insight into peasant studies and the western biases that have permeated it.

The book begins by tracing patterns of peasant formation and dissolution over time and explores whether today's rural producers in Africa, Asia and Latin America are peasants in either a theoretical or practical sense. The rich case study material from all three continents illustrates the pressures and opportunities that have befallen peasants, leading them to 'diversify' into a number of occupations and non-agricultural income-earning avenues. The relationship of peasants to the land has changed; and the editors discuss the factors influencing this. They include multi-occupational livelihoods, intensified labour mobility and flexibility, straddled urban and rural residences, and flooded labour markets. The state and market influences on the rural family and village community are also examined.

Deborah Bryceson is a senior research fellow at the African Studies Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Cristóbal Kay is an associate professor at the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands. Jos Mooij is a lecturer at the Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, The Netherlands.

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

INTRODUCTION

Chapter 1: Peasant Theories and Smallholder Policies: Past and Present Deborah F. Bryceson

PART 1: SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

Chapter 2: African Peasants' Centrality and Marginality: Rural Labour Transformations Deborah F. Bryceson
Chapter 3: Modernization and Adjustment in African Peasant Agriculture Philip Raikes
Chapter 4: Veiled Conflicts: Peasant Differentiation, Gender and Structural Adjustment in Nigerian Hausaland Kate Meagher
Chapter 5: The Politics of Peasant Ethnic Communities and Urban Civil Society: Reflections of an African Dilemma Mahmood Mamdani
Chapter 6: Peasant Wars in Africa: Gone With the Wind? Robert Buijtenhuijs

PART II: LATIN AMERICA

Chapter 7: Latin America's Agrarian Transformation: Peasantisation and Proletarianisation Cristóbal Kay
Chapter 8: Towards a Reconstruction of Cuba's Agrarian Transformation: Peasantisation, Depeasantisation and Repeasantisation Carmen Diana Deere
Chapter 9: The Mexican Peasantry and the Ejido in the Neo-Liberal Period Magdalena Barros Nock
Chapter 10: Global-Local Links in Latin America's New Ruralities Luis Llambí
Chapter 11: Structural Adjustment, Peasant Differentiation and the Environment in Central America Kees Jansen

PART III: ASIA

Chapter 12: Changing Peasantries in Asia Jos Mooij
Chapter 13: Labour and Landlessness in South and Southeast Asia Jan Breman
Chapter 14: Women Workers in Bonded Labour in Rural Industry in South India: Responsibility without Rights Karin Kapadia
Chapter 15: The Fate of the Chinese Peasantry since 1978 Chris Bramall and Marion E. Jones
Chapter 16: Japan's New Peasants John Knight

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 17: Disappearing Peasantries? Rural Labour Redundancy in the Neo-Liberal Era Deborah F. Bryceson

ISBN 1 85339 477 7. 352pp. Paperback. 229 x 150mm. September 1999. (ITP) £17.95. $29.95.

itpbooks

Edited by Kenneth King and Simon McGrath

Internationally, donors are increasing their emphasis on poverty-focused policies and on the notion of pro-poor growth. Attempts to reformulate policies and reshape practices so that they rework the balance between a focus on poverty and a focus on growth bring small and micro enterprises on to the centre stage of development debates. Yet these enterprises are seen, variously, as engines of growth; as refuges for the poor; and as signs of economic failure.

This book is concerned to revisit key elements of the debate about small and micro enterprises through the lens of the current poverty-growth debate and in the specific context of Africa. Leading practitioners, academics and policymakers examine the evidence from across a range of disciplines to ask a series of crucial questions:

• Is the macroeconomic climate a brake on small enterprise development?
• Are small enterprises, and policies and programmes to support them, succeeding?
• Does education make a difference to enterprise performance?

Simon McGrath is a research fellow of the Centre of African Studies at the University of Edinburgh. He has been working on a major DFID-funded project on Education, training and enterprise in several countries of Africa.

CONTENTS

MICRO ENTERPRISES, MACRO PERSPECTIVES

Tony Killick - Have Africa's economies turned the corner?
Thandika Mkandawire - Developmental states and small enterprises
Susan Joekes - Gender, property rights and trade: constraints to African growth

SMALL and MICRO ENTERPRISES and THE DEVELOPMENT AGENDA

Donald Mead - MSEs tackle both poverty and growth (but in differing proportions)
Jacques Charmes - A follow up survey of microenterprise in West Africa
Christian Rogerson - Small enterprise development in post-apartheid South Africa: gearing up for growth and poverty alleviation?
Fra von Massow - Inherent gender inequities in small enterprise development in rural Africa?
George Manu - Enterprise development in Africa: strategies for growth and impact

COLLABORATION BETWEEN ENTERPRISES

Abigail Barr - Do SMEs network for growth?
Dorothy McCormick - Linkages for growth and development: enterprise clusters in Africa
Poul Ove Pedersen - Globalization and the role of wholesalers, trading agents and other producer services in African industrialization and economic development
Hans Haan - The role and potential of MSE associations in Africa

LEARNING TO GROW: SMEs, SKILLS and TECHNOLOGY

Andy Jeans - Technology, NGOs and small enterprise: securing livelihoods through technical change
Susanna Adam - Competences and other factors affecting the small enterprise sector in Ibadan, Nigeria
Lawrence Honny - Reshaping vocational training: challenges for Ghanaian development
Wanjala Kerre - The role and potential of technical and vocational education in formal education systems in Africa
Simon McGrath and Kenneth King - Learning to grow: the importance of education and training for small and micro enterprise development

ISBN 1 85339 478 5. 272pp. Paperback. 229 x 150 mm. September 1999.(ITP) £14.95. $27.50.

itpbooks

Conny Almekinders and Niels Louwaars

This handbook covers a whole range of issues relating to local seed supply systems, including participatory plant breeding, and both technical and practical information on seed production and variety maintenance. It suggests new approaches and methods to support on-farm seed production by small-scale farmers in developing countries.

The first part of the book describes the functioning of local seed systems and discusses their strengths, limitations and possibilities for improvement. The authors discuss in detail issues of genetic diversity and in-situ conservation, gender and legislation. The cases presented here illustrate the functioning of local seed systems and experiences with improving them.

The second part contains technical information on seed production, selection, storage and distribution, and varietal maintenance and improvement of different groups of important food crops, which can be applied and implemented at the level of small-scale farming.

The third part contains practical guidelines about how researchers and agriculturalists might carry out surveys to investigate local seed systems and their limitations, and how they can involve interested farmers in practical experimentation to improve their crop seed.

The last part of the book contains crop-specific information relevant for improving seed prduction of the most important agricultural and horticultural crops.

This book will be of great value and interest to people who work directly with farmers including extension agents, national and international NGOs and farmers' co-operative workers.

Conny Almekinders is an agro-ecologist with experience in seed production, in-situ conservation and participatory plant breeding in a range of crops and countries. She is presently working at the DLO-Centre for Genetic Resources, The Netherlands.

Niels Louwaars is a plant breeder with field experience in seed production programmes in developing countries and is currently working at the DLO-Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research, The Netherlands.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

PART A: INTRODUCTION TO LOCAL SEED SYSTEMS

Chapter 1: The Development of Seed Systems
Chapter 2: Improving Local Seed Systems
Chapter 3: Biodiversity and In-Situ Conservation
Chapter 4: Formal Sector Support

PART B: TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING SEED PRODUCTION

Chapter 5: Seed Production Agronomy
Chapter 6: Harvesting, Processing and Storage
Chapter 7: Seed and Variety Selection
Chapter 8: Technical Aspects of Seed Enterprise Development
Chapter 9: Seed Quality Testing

PART C: WORKING WITH FARMERS

Chapter 10: Problem Diagnosis
Chapter 11: Participatory Experimentation

PART D: CROP SPECIFIC OPTIONS

APPENDIX

ISBN 1 85339 466 1. 240pp. Paperback. 234 x 156 mm. August 1999.(ITP) £14.95. $29.95.

itpbooks

DiMP Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Project

This resource pack, consisting of a book, by Ailsa Holloway and Astrid von Kotze, and a PAL- or NTSC-format VHS videocassette, presents a creative and constructive participative training approach to drought preparedness and sustainable development in at-risk communities. It constitutes an innovative effort to move the practice of drought mitigation beyond 'classic disaster management' towards sustainable development and practice. Moreover, the approach itself is not only educational but also accessible and engaging.

The handbook contains carefully developed and tested activities, while the complementary video material consists of three training films. The material can be used to accommodate a wide range of training, education and facilitation needs and will prove to be a valuable resource to those in the field of disaster management, sustainable agriculture or participatory development.

Astrid von Kotze teaches in adult and community education at the University of Natal, South Africa.

Ailsa Holloway co-ordinates the Disaster Mitigation for Sustainable Livelihoods Project. This handbook covers a whole range of issues relating to local seed supply systems, including participatory plant breeding, and both technical and practical information on seed production and variety maintenance. It suggests new approaches and methods to support on-farm seed production by small-scale farmers in developing countries.

Contents

Foreword
Introduction
Acknowledgements

Chapter One - About this Pack

Introducing this pack
Finding your way around the pack and individual activities
Using the learning activities and the films

Chapter Two - Terms, Concepts and Perceptions

2.1 Learning the language of drought mitigation
2.2 Using terms and concepts
2.3 Perceptions of risk
2.4 Common perceptions and meanings of drought

Chapter Three - Understanding Risk

3.1 Drought as hazard
3.2 Defining vulnerability
3.3 Increasing vulnerability through stereotyping
3.4 Assessing risk: a participatory approach
3.5 Accumulated risk and drought
3.6 Targeting children
3.7 Mooka Granaries - a case study of drought mitigation?

Chapter Four - Planning and Implementing Drought Mitigation

4.1 Drought management: preparedness or mitigation?
4.2 Moving from information to action: alerting communities to impending droughts
4.3 Identifying appropriate drought mitigation activities
4.4 Planning mitigation
4.5 Negotiating risk reduction policy and practice
4.6 Negotiating drought mitigation across interest groups
4.7 Advocating for drought mitigation
4.8 Community-driven risk reduction
4.9 Banga Dam: integrating risk reduction with sustainable development
4.10 Institution- and capacity-building
4.11 The role of extension workers

Chapter Five - Materials, Glossary, Reference

5.1 Materials
5.2 Storylines of the films
5.3 Information for community drought mitigation training
5.4 Ideas for designing a learning session
5.5 Glossary of some terms and concepts used
5.6 Reference material

ISBN 1 85339 470 X. 206pp. Paperback book and videocassette PAL format. 238 x 176mm. August 1999. £19.95. $35.00

ISBN 1 85339 481 5. 206pp. Paperback book and videocassette NTSC format. 238 x 176mm. August 1999. £19.95. $35.00

Rights: World excluding Southern Africa